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A |

As government scrutiny and even some statewide TikTok bans trickle in, concerns about the app’s impact on youth mental health are often repeated. Among the concerned are the bereft parents of a teen who killed himself last year, reportedly after seeing self-harm content on TikTok.

While states and some organizations decide whether TikTok poses enough danger to warrant a ban, I want to sound the alarm about an online mental health risk that’s even more chronic and not limited to TikTok: an epidemic of self-diagnosis, fueled by social media, that’s leading to improper treatment, missed treatment and the trivialization of serious mental health conditions.

If there’s a silver lining to the COVID-era mental health crisis, it’s that people seem more willing than ever to talk about mental health struggles with friends, with colleagues and sometimes to the whole world online. Even better, they’re willing to get help. The percentage of adults aged 18 to 44 seeking mental health treatment rose significantly during the first years of the pandemic, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

If you spend any time online, you can’t miss the new candor about mental health conditions. TikTok and Instagram influencers share their struggles and diagnoses on camera. In recent years, executives on LinkedIn have shared photos of antidepressant medication with the hashtag #PostYourPill. Actor-singer-beauty mogul Selena Gomez launched an entire content platform focused on “mental fitness.” Conditions such as anxiety disorder, ADHD and OCD are not only being de-stigmatized, in some contexts, they’re trending.

Open discussion of mental health is undoubtedly a good thing when it eradicates shame, results in people feeling less alone or motivates somebody to seek needed professional care. But in this new era of openness, we risk oversimplification and even trivialization of complex medical conditions, increasing the risk of overtreatment for some, undertreatment for others and overall mistreatment of people exposed to a cacophony of mental health conversations online but lacking access to balanced, authoritative information and quality clinical care.

Let’s say a young woman perusing TikTok sees an influencer sharing that he has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, then – thanks to social media algorithms – over the next week, more ADHD-related content appears in the young woman’s feed. Some of the symptoms feel relatable, so she does a YouTube search on ADHD. After watching a few of the thousands of videos on the topic, she decides that she herself has ADHD.

This is not unusual. Some therapists at Talkspace, where I serve as the chief medical officer, report they have clients coming to sessions with more complex or specific self-diagnoses. Whereas a client might have said, “I think I’m depressed,” a few years ago, now more are saying, “I think I have borderline personality disorder” or “I think I’m on the autism spectrum.”

Such self-diagnosis can be dangerous. When a social media user becomes convinced that they have a mental health disorder, it can lead them to seek inappropriate treatments. They may announce their self-diagnosis to a primary care provider who doesn’t have sufficient mental health expertise to appropriately evaluate the presenting symptoms. Or the patient may wind up using a telehealth provider to get a prescription medication that’s not helpful or is dangerous. In the case of the hypothetical young woman above, she’d likely be seeing ads for ADHD-focused telehealth prescribers within days, if not minutes, of initially engaging with ADHD influencers.

Diagnosing a mental health disorder isn’t as simple as checking off a list of symptoms. Many healthy people experience symptoms of a mental health condition, but the true measure of whether those symptoms merit a diagnosis and treatment is whether they impair the individual’s ability to function. That determination requires working with a licensed mental health professional to evaluate the frequency, intensity, severity and specificity of those symptoms, and understand them within the broader context of life events, stressors and family history.

A “reel” diagnosis needs a real-life one

To address the “TikTok effect” and stop the dangers of self-diagnosis, mental health professionals must meet people where they are: online and actively searching for answers, inadvertently creating a curated feed.

Social media companies and other platforms with user-generated content have a responsibility to create guardrails that ensure clinically-vetted and accurate information is within reach of anybody seeking content about mental health conditions.

For example, if you enter the search terms “depression” or “suicide” into Instagram, you’re offered a list of mental health resources. However, searches related to specific conditions like OCD, ADHD and Tourette’s link directly to memes and user-generated videos of (to put it generously) mixed quality. Since the start of the pandemic, we’ve seen how quickly social platforms could flag content related to COVID or vaccines and direct people to CDC information on those topics. Therefore, it does not seem unreasonable to expect the same for content around sensitive mental health topics.

When somebody hears about a condition online and believes, correctly or not, that it affects them, they are more likely to feel worried, triggered or even distraught. Thankfully, that same technology can quickly link them with mental health care without stigma or stress and allow them to find real answers under a professional’s guidance – if they land at a responsible, high-quality source of tele-mental health. We recently revamped our own site to provide clinical insights from a dedicated team of licensed, practicing clinicians to add dimension to the spectrum between experiencing symptoms and having a condition.

Unfortunately, some telehealth services are all too quick to prescribe medications, including controlled substances, based solely on answers to online questions. At Talkspace, I am personally committed to our policy of not prescribing controlled substances online. When our board-certified psychiatrists and psychiatric nurse practitioners do prescribe medication, it is only after live video consultations and a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation.

Because mental health conditions are so much more complex than what can be captured by a checklist of symptoms, I’m wary of any company that prescribes without live consultations. When digital health companies feed into the misconception that everyone with depressive symptoms is clinically depressed or anyone who’s easily distracted has ADHD, they risk hurting more people than they help.

At a time when it’s all too easy for both the worried well and people with serious mental health conditions to self-diagnose online, it’s imperative that both social media and digital health companies do everything possible to direct vulnerable audiences to trustworthy information and comprehensive, ethical care.

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B | 8 月 25 日消息，亚马逊正在开发新一代高度自动化仓库，利用人工智能和机器人技术处理包裹，将物流自动化延伸到配送前的最后一个环节。根据 Business Insider 查阅的一份上月内部规划文件，这项内部代号为“Project Tetromino”的计划旨在打造“完全自动化”的配送站。配送站是物流流程中的最后一个设施，从履约中心接收已经打包的商品，然后进行分拣和暂存，最后交由司机配送给客户。文件显示，亚马逊计划在 2028 年投入 1.03 亿美元（注：现汇率约合 6.94 亿元人民币）启动 Tetromino 试点项目，随后在 2029 年建设 5 个站点，并于 2030 年再增加 10 个站点。

C | 文件称，2029 年每个站点的建设成本可能约为 8,500 万美元（现汇率约合 5.73 亿元人民币），到 2029 年，Tetromino 项目的累计投资将超过 5.3 亿美元（现汇率约合 35.72 亿元人民币）。

D | 文件还指出，Tetromino 的包裹处理速度可能达到现有配送站设计的约 2.5 倍。

E | 亚马逊发言人向 Business Insider 表示，这目前只是一个“早期阶段的概念”，文件中提到的具体财务数据和项目路线图“并不准确，也不代表我们当前的计划”。这名发言人表示：“我们一直在整个运营体系中探索和测试新技术，以提高安全性并改善客户的配送体验。和任何处于早期阶段的概念一样，这是我们定期评估的众多项目之一，随着我们不断获得新的经验和信息，相关计划也会发生很大变化。”Tetromino 项目展示了亚马逊试图自动化其物流网络中一些最难实现自动化的环节。行业分析师指出，在配送站内整理包裹并将其装载到配送车辆等工作，目前仍然很难实现自动化，而且成本高昂。该项目正值亚马逊加速推进仓库自动化之际。

F | 亚马逊在 7 月最新一次财报电话会议上表示，公司预计 2026 年将把机器人机械臂的数量增加一倍以上。Business Insider 此前还报道称，亚马逊正在部署一种软件，能够根据工作量变化自动推荐仓库员工应该被安排到哪些岗位。亚马逊面临的“俄罗斯方块”挑战根据这份规划文件，Tetromino 的一项关键技术可能来自 AI 和机器人供应链初创公司 Boxbot。

G | Boxbot 的系统可以将传送带上的包裹转移到托盘中进行存储，然后利用 AI 将包裹取出并按照配送顺序进行排列。Boxbot 官网称，其系统可以将车辆装载过程提速至原来的 10 倍。Tetromino 这个名称本身可能也是在致敬俄罗斯方块游戏，意指如何高效地将大量包裹排列、装入配送车辆，本身就是一个类似拼图的难题。亚马逊并不是唯一一家试图实现这些环节自动化的企业。联邦快递正在扩大 AI 驱动的 Dexterity 机器人应用，这些机器人能够自主将包裹装入拖车；UPS 和 DHL 则已经使用机器人进行卸货。亚马逊发言人还提到了公司去年宣布的一批配送站试点项目。这些项目属于亚马逊对欧洲物流设施 7 亿欧元（现汇率约合 54.99 亿元人民币）投资计划的一部分，其中包括能够自动卸载、分拣和扫描包裹的机器。

H | 随着物流设施越来越自动化，一个问题也随之出现：未来亚马逊的仓库究竟还需要人类完成哪些工作？亚马逊机器人业务负责人 Tye Brady 此前曾表示，机器人旨在让一线工作更加安全、高效，而不是取代员工。不过，Business Insider 此前报道称，亚马逊内部预测，未来十年部分仓库机器人将使公司的招聘增长曲线趋于“平缓”。亚马逊发言人表示，公司在配送站推进的相关项目“旨在与员工相互配合并赋能员工，而员工始终是我们运营模式的核心”。

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Published on:11:30:12

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